Verbos irregulares: no forman el pasado con -ed. Cada uno tiene su propio pasado y su propio participio: go → went → gone. Son pocos, pero son los más usados del idioma.
1 · Concepto
Por qué hay que aprenderlos
El inglés tiene unos 200 verbos irregulares, pero con los más de 120 de esta lista cubres casi todo lo que vas a leer y escuchar. Muchos son verbos del día a día: be, have, do, go, get, make, say, see.
Cada verbo tiene tres formas: la forma base (para el presente y después de to, will, can, did), el pasado simple y el participio pasado (para los tiempos perfectos y la voz pasiva).
I go to the gym every day.
Voy al gimnasio todos los días. (forma base)
I went to the gym yesterday.
Fui al gimnasio ayer. (pasado)
I have gone to the gym three times this week.
He ido al gimnasio tres veces esta semana. (participio)
2 · Truco
Apréndelos por patrón, no en orden alfabético
A-A-A: las tres formas iguales
Los más fáciles: no cambian.
cut · cut · cut
cortar
put · put · put
poner
A-B-B: pasado y participio iguales
El grupo más grande. Si sabes el pasado, ya sabes el participio.
buy · bought · bought
comprar
sleep · slept · slept
dormir
A-B-A: el participio vuelve a la base
Solo unos pocos.
come · came · come
venir
run · ran · run
correr
A-B-C: tres formas distintas
Hay que memorizarlos, pero muchos siguen sub-patrones como i-a-u.
sing · sang · sung
cantar
write · wrote · written
escribir
3 · Lista
Lista de verbos irregulares
Mostrando 123 de 123
| Forma base | Pasado | Participio | Español | Patrón |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bet | bet | bet | apostar | A-A-A |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | transmitir | A-A-A |
| burst | burst | burst | reventar | A-A-A |
| cost | cost | cost | costar | A-A-A |
| cut | cut | cut | cortar | A-A-A |
| fit | fit | fit | quedar bien; caber | A-A-A |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | pronosticar | A-A-A |
| hit | hit | hit | golpear | A-A-A |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | doler; lastimar | A-A-A |
| let | let | let | dejar; permitir | A-A-A |
| put | put | put | poner | A-A-A |
| quit | quit | quit | dejar; renunciar | A-A-A |
| read | read | read | leer | A-A-A |
| set | set | set | fijar; establecer | A-A-A |
| shut | shut | shut | cerrar | A-A-A |
| split | split | split | dividir | A-A-A |
| spread | spread | spread | extender; untar | A-A-A |
| upset | upset | upset | molestar; alterar | A-A-A |
| bend | bent | bent | doblar | A-B-B |
| bleed | bled | bled | sangrar | A-B-B |
| bring | brought | brought | traer | A-B-B |
| build | built | built | construir | A-B-B |
| burn | burnt / burned | burnt / burned | quemar | A-B-B |
| buy | bought | bought | comprar | A-B-B |
| catch | caught | caught | atrapar | A-B-B |
| deal | dealt | dealt | tratar; repartir | A-B-B |
| dig | dug | dug | cavar | A-B-B |
| dream | dreamt / dreamed | dreamt / dreamed | soñar | A-B-B |
| feed | fed | fed | alimentar | A-B-B |
| feel | felt | felt | sentir | A-B-B |
| fight | fought | fought | pelear | A-B-B |
| find | found | found | encontrar | A-B-B |
| flee | fled | fled | huir | A-B-B |
| get | got | got / gotten | obtener; llegar | A-B-B |
| grind | ground | ground | moler | A-B-B |
| hang | hung | hung | colgar | A-B-B |
| have | had | had | tener | A-B-B |
| hear | heard | heard | oír | A-B-B |
| hold | held | held | sostener | A-B-B |
| keep | kept | kept | guardar; mantener | A-B-B |
| lay | laid | laid | colocar; poner (huevos) | A-B-B |
| lead | led | led | dirigir; guiar | A-B-B |
| learn | learnt / learned | learnt / learned | aprender | A-B-B |
| leave | left | left | irse; dejar | A-B-B |
| lend | lent | lent | prestar | A-B-B |
| light | lit | lit | encender | A-B-B |
| lose | lost | lost | perder | A-B-B |
| make | made | made | hacer; fabricar | A-B-B |
| mean | meant | meant | significar | A-B-B |
| meet | met | met | conocer; reunirse | A-B-B |
| pay | paid | paid | pagar | A-B-B |
| say | said | said | decir | A-B-B |
| seek | sought | sought | buscar | A-B-B |
| sell | sold | sold | vender | A-B-B |
| send | sent | sent | enviar | A-B-B |
| shine | shone | shone | brillar | A-B-B |
| shoot | shot | shot | disparar | A-B-B |
| sit | sat | sat | sentarse | A-B-B |
| sleep | slept | slept | dormir | A-B-B |
| slide | slid | slid | deslizar | A-B-B |
| smell | smelt / smelled | smelt / smelled | oler | A-B-B |
| spell | spelt / spelled | spelt / spelled | deletrear | A-B-B |
| spend | spent | spent | gastar; pasar (tiempo) | A-B-B |
| spin | spun | spun | girar | A-B-B |
| stand | stood | stood | estar de pie | A-B-B |
| stick | stuck | stuck | pegar | A-B-B |
| sting | stung | stung | picar (un insecto) | A-B-B |
| strike | struck | struck | golpear | A-B-B |
| sweep | swept | swept | barrer | A-B-B |
| swing | swung | swung | columpiar; balancear | A-B-B |
| teach | taught | taught | enseñar | A-B-B |
| tell | told | told | decir; contar | A-B-B |
| think | thought | thought | pensar | A-B-B |
| understand | understood | understood | entender | A-B-B |
| weep | wept | wept | llorar | A-B-B |
| win | won | won | ganar | A-B-B |
| wind | wound | wound | enrollar; dar cuerda | A-B-B |
| become | became | become | convertirse en | A-B-A |
| come | came | come | venir | A-B-A |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | superar | A-B-A |
| run | ran | run | correr | A-B-A |
| beat | beat | beaten | vencer; golpear | A-A-B |
| arise | arose | arisen | surgir | A-B-C |
| be | was / were | been | ser; estar | A-B-C |
| begin | began | begun | empezar | A-B-C |
| bite | bit | bitten | morder | A-B-C |
| blow | blew | blown | soplar | A-B-C |
| break | broke | broken | romper | A-B-C |
| choose | chose | chosen | elegir | A-B-C |
| do | did | done | hacer | A-B-C |
| draw | drew | drawn | dibujar | A-B-C |
| drink | drank | drunk | beber | A-B-C |
| drive | drove | driven | manejar | A-B-C |
| eat | ate | eaten | comer | A-B-C |
| fall | fell | fallen | caer | A-B-C |
| fly | flew | flown | volar | A-B-C |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | prohibir | A-B-C |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | olvidar | A-B-C |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | perdonar | A-B-C |
| freeze | froze | frozen | congelar | A-B-C |
| give | gave | given | dar | A-B-C |
| go | went | gone | ir | A-B-C |
| grow | grew | grown | crecer; cultivar | A-B-C |
| hide | hid | hidden | esconder | A-B-C |
| know | knew | known | saber; conocer | A-B-C |
| lie | lay | lain | acostarse; yacer | A-B-C |
| ride | rode | ridden | montar (bici, caballo) | A-B-C |
| ring | rang | rung | sonar; llamar | A-B-C |
| rise | rose | risen | subir; levantarse | A-B-C |
| see | saw | seen | ver | A-B-C |
| shake | shook | shaken | sacudir | A-B-C |
| show | showed | shown | mostrar | A-B-C |
| sing | sang | sung | cantar | A-B-C |
| sink | sank | sunk | hundir | A-B-C |
| speak | spoke | spoken | hablar | A-B-C |
| steal | stole | stolen | robar | A-B-C |
| swim | swam | swum | nadar | A-B-C |
| take | took | taken | tomar; llevar | A-B-C |
| tear | tore | torn | rasgar | A-B-C |
| throw | threw | thrown | lanzar | A-B-C |
| wake | woke | woken | despertar | A-B-C |
| wear | wore | worn | llevar puesto | A-B-C |
| write | wrote | written | escribir | A-B-C |
Read se escribe igual en las tres formas, pero el pasado y el participio se pronuncian /red/. Las formas burnt, dreamt, learnt, smelt y spelt son más británicas; en inglés americano se usa -ed. Gotten es el participio americano de get.
4 · Truco
Sub-patrones que ayudan a memorizar
| Patrón | Verbos |
|---|---|
| i → a → u | begin-began-begun · drink-drank-drunk · ring-rang-rung · sing-sang-sung · sink-sank-sunk · swim-swam-swum |
| -ought / -aught | bring-brought · buy-bought · fight-fought · think-thought · seek-sought · catch-caught · teach-taught |
| -ow → -ew → -own | blow-blew-blown · grow-grew-grown · know-knew-known · throw-threw-thrown · fly-flew-flown |
| -ee- → -e- | feed-fed · bleed-bled · meet-met · flee-fled · sleep-slept · keep-kept · feel-felt |
| -end → -ent | bend-bent · lend-lent · send-sent · spend-spent |
| participio en -en | eat-eaten · fall-fallen · give-given · take-taken · forget-forgotten · write-written |
5 · Cuidado
Errores comunes
I goed to the beach.
I went to the beach.
I have went there before.
I have gone there before.
She has wrote three books.
She has written three books.
We have drank all the coffee.
We have drunk all the coffee.
He brang his laptop.
He brought his laptop.
I laid down on the sofa.
I lay down on the sofa. (lie-lay-lain = acostarse; lay-laid-laid = colocar algo)
6 · Práctica
Practica
Escribe la forma correcta del verbo entre paréntesis: pasado o participio según la oración.
Sigue aprendiendo
¿Quieres practicar con un docente?
En nuestros programas de inglés practicas cada tiempo verbal hablando, desde el nivel A1. Un asesor te ubica en tu nivel.
Solicita más información
Déjanos tus datos y un asesor te escribe por WhatsApp.